Features of the emotional sphere, cognitive functions and the course of psychosomatic disorders in children and adolescents who have suffered spinal trauma and comorbidities.

Abstract

The article describes the features of the emotional sphere, cognitive functions and the course of psychosomatic disorders in children and adolescents who have suffered spinal trauma and comorbidities; the role of depression in the genesis of psychosomatic (psychovegetative) disorders of different localization is specified; the typology of depressive disorders was carried out with the establishment of their nosological affiliation, severity and clinical features on the basis of clinical and psychopathological research. The article includes a comparative age-complex dynamic clinical and psychopathological study of a number of psychosomatic disorders as well as features of the emotional sphere and cognitive functions in a representative group of subjects – children and adolescents who have suffered spinal trauma. A new clinical-ontogenetic concept based on a systems approach has been developed. The initial manifestations and stages of AKP dynamics in the digestive system, skin, motor, endocrine systems and in the form of algic (cephalgia, myalgia, cardialgia) manifestations at different ages are described. Criteria for the transition of non-pathological (vegetative-vascular) forms of somatic support of emotions into pathological (psycho-vegetative) forms – psychosomatic disorders – were established. Based on the dynamic clinical and psychopathological study of children and adolescents with functional disorders in various organs and systems, risk factors have been identified that allow to predict the course of AKP. A typology of depressive disorders was developed, a classification of somatic disorders caused by them was proposed, specificity, age features and clinical variants of AKP, their connection with pathological (constitutional and cerebrally organically altered) soil were described. The practical significance of the results is to expand the understanding of physicians – child psychiatrists and pediatricians – about the importance of depressive disorders in the development of a common, almost insufficiently studied group of AKP, manifested mainly by somatic (autonomic-visceral) disorders. Criteria for early diagnosis of emotional disorders in the structure of AKP, their differentiation at different stages of ontogenesis were determined. The principles of complex differentiated treatment were formulated, which includes, along with symptomatic, the use of psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic means, as well as prevention of AKP at an early age.