СПОСОБИ ПОДОЛАННЯ СТРЕСУ УКРАЇНЦЯМИ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ІНТЕНСИВНОСТІ ОБСТРІЛІВ
Ключові слова:
стрес, копінг, копінг-стратегія, стресостійкість, обстріли.
Анотація
У статті представлені результати теоретичного та емпіричного дослідження впливу інтенсивності обстрілів на вибір копінг- стратегій та рівень стресостійкості мирних жителів. На основі проведеного емпіричного дослідження було доведено, що українці, які проживають у населених пунктах, що піддаються обстрілам, мають вищий рівень стресостійкості ніж ті, хто проживають в умовах їх відсутності. Було констатовано, що в ситуації війни мирні жителі схильні обирати копінг-стратегію, спрямовану на завдання. На другому місці – копінг, спрямований на уникнення, на третьому – копінг, спрямований на емоції. Ці три стратегії більше притаманні тим, хто проживає в населених пунктах без обстрілів. Натомість копінг-стратегія, спрямована на соціальне відволікання, більше властива тим, хто проживає в населених пунктах, що піддаються обстрілам. Люди, які живуть у місцях, де немає обстрілів, частіше використовують стратегію «Залученість». В той же час українці, що не чули обстрілів, більш схильні діяти, застосовуючи стратегію «Контроль» та «Ризик».
Посилання
1. Arshava, I.F. (2007). Emotsiina stiikistliudyny ta yii diahnostyka [Emotional
stability of a person and its diagnosis] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Dnipropetrovskyi natsionalnyi universytet. Dnipropetrovsk [In Ukrainian].
2. Borysova, Z.O., Dubrovina, O.V., & Dubrovina, E.A. (2022). Vplyv viiskovykh dii na psykholohichnyi stan ukraintsiv ta profilaktyka mozhlyvykh uskladnen [The impact of military actions on the psychological condition of Ukrainians and prevention of possible complications]. The 3 rd International scientific and practical conference «Eurasian scientific discussions». Barca Academy Publishing [In Ukrainian].
3. Bosniuk, V.F., Olefyr, V.O., & Perelyhyna, L.A. (2016). Intelektualno-emotsiinyi resurs kopinh-povedinky riatuvalnyka [Intellectual and emotional resource of coping behavior of a rescuer]. NUCDU, KP «Miskadrukarnia [In Ukrainian].
4. Voloshyn, P.V., Shestopalova, L.F., & Pidkorytov, V.S. (2000). Medyko- psykholohichni aspekty ekstremalnykh podii ta problema posttravmatychnykh stresovykh rozladiv [Medical and psychological aspects of extreme events and the problem of post-traumatic stress disorders]. Mizhnarodnyi medychnyi zhurnal, 3, 31– 34 [In Ukrainian].
5. Havrylets, I.H. (2006). Psykhofiziolohiial iudyny v ekstremalnykhs ytuatsiiakh [Human psychophysiology in extreme situations]. ZAT «Vipol» [In Ukrainian].
6. Hotsuliak, N.Ye. (2015). Psykholohichna travma: analiz ta shliakhy yii podolannia [Psychological trauma: analysis and ways to overcome it]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Natsionalnoi akademii Derzhavnoi prykordonnoi sluzhby Ukrainy. Seriia: Pedahohichni ta psykholohichni nauky, 1, 378–390 [In Ukrainian].
7. Hrabovska, S., & Yesyp, M. (2010). Problema kopinhu v suchasnykh psykholohichnykh doslidzhenniakh [A copings’ problem in the present psychological studies]. Sotsiohumanitarni problemy liudyny, 4, 188–199 [In Ukrainian].
8. Hruzynska, I.M. (2022). Problema emotsiinoho reahuvannia na stresovi sytuatsii v umovakh voiennoho stanu [The problem of emotional response to stressful situations in the conditions of martial law]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho aviatsiinoho universytetu. Seriia: Pedahohika. Psykholohiia, 2(21), 97–107 [In Ukrainian].
9. Zhdanova, I.V., Shakhova, O.H., & Rodenkova, V.A. (2023). Dynamika psykhichnykh staniv tsyvilnykh hromadian pidchas voiennykh dii v Ukraini [Dynamics of mental states of civilians during hostilities in Ukraine]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V.N. Karazina. Seriia «Psykholohiia», 74, 7–12 [In Ukrainian].
10. Karamushka, L.M., Kredentser, O.V., Tereshchenko, K.V., Lahodzinska, V.I., Ivkin, V.M., & Kovalchuk, O.S. (2023). Metodyky doslidzhennia psykhichnoho zdorovia ta blahopoluchchia personalu orhanizatsii [Research methods of mental health and well-being of the personnel of organizations]. (Karamushka, L.M., Red.). Instytut psykholohii imeni H.S. Kostiuka NAPN Ukrainy [In Ukrainian].
11. Nazarov, O.O., Onishchenko, N.V., Sadkovyi, V.P., Sadkovyi, O.V., Sklen, O.I., & Timchenko, O.V. (2008). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti bazovykh kopinh-stratehii ta osobystisnykh kopinh-resursiv pratsivnykiv pozhezhno-riatuvalnykh pidrozdiliv MNS Ukrainy [Psychological features of basic coping strategies and personal coping resources of employees of fire and rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine]. UCDU [In Ukrainian].
12. Lysenko, K.S., & Chuieshkova, O.V. (2016). Henderni osoblyvosti stresostiikosti ta piznavalnykh protsesiv do ta pislia stresovoi sytuatsii [Gender characteristics of stress resistance and cognitive processes before and after a stressful situation].
13. Nauhol’nyk, L.B. (2015). Psykholohiia stresu [Psychology of stress]. Lvivskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav [In Ukrainian].
14. Makarova, O. (2021). Stresostiikist pratsivnykiv politsii v zalezhnosti vid typu temperamentu [Stress resistance of police officers depending on the type of temperament]. Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science, 55, 65–69 [In Ukrainian].
15. Onishchenko, N.V., & Timchenko, O.V. (2022). Osoblyvosti vykorystannia psykholohichnykh zakhysnykh mekhanizmiv ta kopinh-stratehii tsyvilnym naselenniam, postrazhdalym vid nadzvychainoi sytuatsii voiennoho kharakteru [Peculiarities of the use of psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies by the civilian population affected by an emergency situation of a military nature]. Psykholohichnyi zhurnal, 8, 82–92 [In Ukrainian].
16. Onishchenko, N.V. (2015). Teoriia i praktyka ekstrenoi psykholohichnoi dopomohy postrazhdalym u nadzvychainykh sytuatsiiakh [Theory and practice of emergency psychological assistance to victims in emergency situations]. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Natsionalnyi universytet tsyvilnoho zakhystu Ukrainy. Kharkiv [In Ukrainian].
17. Plisko, V.I. (2002). Formuvannia hotovnosti profesiionala do diialnosti za umov, nebezpechnykh dliaz hyttia: na materialakh subiekt-subiektnoi diialnosti [Formation of a professional’s readiness to work under life-threatening conditions: on the materials of subject-subject activity]. Naukovyi svit [In Ukrainian].
18. Gradus research company (2022). Psykhichne zdorovia ta stavlennia ukraintsiv do psykholohichnoi dopomohy pid chas viiny [Mental health and the attitude of Ukrainians to psychological help during the war] Retrieved from https://gradus.app/ documents/308/ Gradus_Research Mental_Health_Report_short_version.pdf [In Ukrainian].
19. Oliinykov, O.A., Onishchenko, N.V., Tymchenko, O.V., Tytarenko, D.S.,& Khrystynko, V.Ye. (2011). Osoblyvosti funktsionuvannia mekhanizmiv psykholohichnoho zakhystu u riatuvalnykiv v umovakh ekzystentsialnoi zahrozy [Features of functioning of mechanisms of psychological defence in rescuers in conditions of existential threat]. NUCZU [In Ukrainian].
20. Frankl, V. (2017). Liudyna v poshukakh spravzhnoho sensu. Psykholoh u kontstabori [Man’s search for meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust]. Klub simeinoho dozvillia [In Ukrainian].
21. Khraban, T.Ye. (2022). Preferentsia vykorystannya koping-strategii tsyvilnym naselennyam Ukrayiny u pershi pyatnadtsyat dniv z pochatku voyennogo konfliktu 2022 roku [Preference for the use of coping styles by the civilian population of Ukraine in the first fifteen days from the start of the military conflict in 2022]. Insight: the psychological dimensions of society, 7, 59–74. [In Ukrainian].
22. Chaban, O.S., & Khaustova, O.O. (Red.). (2021). Praktychna psykhosomatyka: Diahnostychni shkaly [Practical psychosomatics: Diagnostic scales]. Vydavnychyi dim Medknyha [in Ukrainian].
23. Chaban, O.S., Khaustova, O.O., & Omelianovych, V.Y. (2023). Psykhichni rozlady voiennoho chasu [Mental disorders of wartime]. Vydavnychyi dim Medknyha [in Ukrainian].
24. Braun-Lewensohn, O. (2012). Coping strategies as mediators of the relationship between chronic exposure to missile attacks and stress reactions. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 5(4), 315–326.
25. Compas, B.E., Connor-Smith, J.K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A.H., & Wadsworth, M.E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87–127.
26. Cramer, P. (2000). Defense mechanisms and coping strategies: What’s the difference? American Psychologist, 55(6), 638–646.
27. Endler, N.S., & Parker, J.D.A. (1994). Assessment of multidimensional coping: Task, emotion and avoidance strategies. Psychological Assessment, 6(1), 50–60.
28. Terelak, J.F. (2008). Człowiek i stres: koncepcje, źródła, reakcje, radzenie sobie, modyfikatory [Manandstress: Concepts, sources, reactions, coping, modifiers]. Branta.
29. Hahn, S.E. (2000). The effects of locus of control on daily exposure, coping and reactivity to work interpersonal stressors: A diary study. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 729–748.
30. Hobfoll, S.E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
31. Karamushka, L.M., Kredentser, O.V., Tereshchenko, K.V., Delton, Y., Arefniya, S.V., & Paskevska, I.A. (2022). Study of subjective well-being of different groups of population during the 2022 war in Ukraine. Wiadomości Lekarskie, 75(8, pt 1), 1854–1860.
32. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Springer Publishing Company.
33. Maddi, S.R. (2002). The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing, research, and practice. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 54(3), 173–185.
34. Miller, P.M., Ingham, J.G., & Davidson, S. (1976). Life events, symptoms and social support. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 20(6), 515–522.
35. Pargament, K.I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
36. Pearlin, L., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. The Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19(1), 2–21.
37. Rodrigue, J.R., Jackson, S.I., & Perri, M.G. (2000). Medical coping models questionnaire: Factor structure for adult transplant candidates. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7(2), 89–111.
38. Roesch, S.C., & Weiner, B. (2001). A meta-analytic review of coping with illness: Do causal attributions matter? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 50, 205–219.
39. Schaefer, C.A., & Gorsuch, R.L. (1993). Situational and personal variations in religious coping. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 32(2), 136–147.
40. Stein, J.Y., Levin, Y., Gelkopf, M. Tangir, G., & Solomon, Z. (2018). Traumatization or habituation? A four-wave investigation of exposure to continuous traumatic stress in Israel. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(S1), 137–153.
stability of a person and its diagnosis] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Dnipropetrovskyi natsionalnyi universytet. Dnipropetrovsk [In Ukrainian].
2. Borysova, Z.O., Dubrovina, O.V., & Dubrovina, E.A. (2022). Vplyv viiskovykh dii na psykholohichnyi stan ukraintsiv ta profilaktyka mozhlyvykh uskladnen [The impact of military actions on the psychological condition of Ukrainians and prevention of possible complications]. The 3 rd International scientific and practical conference «Eurasian scientific discussions». Barca Academy Publishing [In Ukrainian].
3. Bosniuk, V.F., Olefyr, V.O., & Perelyhyna, L.A. (2016). Intelektualno-emotsiinyi resurs kopinh-povedinky riatuvalnyka [Intellectual and emotional resource of coping behavior of a rescuer]. NUCDU, KP «Miskadrukarnia [In Ukrainian].
4. Voloshyn, P.V., Shestopalova, L.F., & Pidkorytov, V.S. (2000). Medyko- psykholohichni aspekty ekstremalnykh podii ta problema posttravmatychnykh stresovykh rozladiv [Medical and psychological aspects of extreme events and the problem of post-traumatic stress disorders]. Mizhnarodnyi medychnyi zhurnal, 3, 31– 34 [In Ukrainian].
5. Havrylets, I.H. (2006). Psykhofiziolohiial iudyny v ekstremalnykhs ytuatsiiakh [Human psychophysiology in extreme situations]. ZAT «Vipol» [In Ukrainian].
6. Hotsuliak, N.Ye. (2015). Psykholohichna travma: analiz ta shliakhy yii podolannia [Psychological trauma: analysis and ways to overcome it]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Natsionalnoi akademii Derzhavnoi prykordonnoi sluzhby Ukrainy. Seriia: Pedahohichni ta psykholohichni nauky, 1, 378–390 [In Ukrainian].
7. Hrabovska, S., & Yesyp, M. (2010). Problema kopinhu v suchasnykh psykholohichnykh doslidzhenniakh [A copings’ problem in the present psychological studies]. Sotsiohumanitarni problemy liudyny, 4, 188–199 [In Ukrainian].
8. Hruzynska, I.M. (2022). Problema emotsiinoho reahuvannia na stresovi sytuatsii v umovakh voiennoho stanu [The problem of emotional response to stressful situations in the conditions of martial law]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho aviatsiinoho universytetu. Seriia: Pedahohika. Psykholohiia, 2(21), 97–107 [In Ukrainian].
9. Zhdanova, I.V., Shakhova, O.H., & Rodenkova, V.A. (2023). Dynamika psykhichnykh staniv tsyvilnykh hromadian pidchas voiennykh dii v Ukraini [Dynamics of mental states of civilians during hostilities in Ukraine]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V.N. Karazina. Seriia «Psykholohiia», 74, 7–12 [In Ukrainian].
10. Karamushka, L.M., Kredentser, O.V., Tereshchenko, K.V., Lahodzinska, V.I., Ivkin, V.M., & Kovalchuk, O.S. (2023). Metodyky doslidzhennia psykhichnoho zdorovia ta blahopoluchchia personalu orhanizatsii [Research methods of mental health and well-being of the personnel of organizations]. (Karamushka, L.M., Red.). Instytut psykholohii imeni H.S. Kostiuka NAPN Ukrainy [In Ukrainian].
11. Nazarov, O.O., Onishchenko, N.V., Sadkovyi, V.P., Sadkovyi, O.V., Sklen, O.I., & Timchenko, O.V. (2008). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti bazovykh kopinh-stratehii ta osobystisnykh kopinh-resursiv pratsivnykiv pozhezhno-riatuvalnykh pidrozdiliv MNS Ukrainy [Psychological features of basic coping strategies and personal coping resources of employees of fire and rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine]. UCDU [In Ukrainian].
12. Lysenko, K.S., & Chuieshkova, O.V. (2016). Henderni osoblyvosti stresostiikosti ta piznavalnykh protsesiv do ta pislia stresovoi sytuatsii [Gender characteristics of stress resistance and cognitive processes before and after a stressful situation].
13. Nauhol’nyk, L.B. (2015). Psykholohiia stresu [Psychology of stress]. Lvivskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav [In Ukrainian].
14. Makarova, O. (2021). Stresostiikist pratsivnykiv politsii v zalezhnosti vid typu temperamentu [Stress resistance of police officers depending on the type of temperament]. Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science, 55, 65–69 [In Ukrainian].
15. Onishchenko, N.V., & Timchenko, O.V. (2022). Osoblyvosti vykorystannia psykholohichnykh zakhysnykh mekhanizmiv ta kopinh-stratehii tsyvilnym naselenniam, postrazhdalym vid nadzvychainoi sytuatsii voiennoho kharakteru [Peculiarities of the use of psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies by the civilian population affected by an emergency situation of a military nature]. Psykholohichnyi zhurnal, 8, 82–92 [In Ukrainian].
16. Onishchenko, N.V. (2015). Teoriia i praktyka ekstrenoi psykholohichnoi dopomohy postrazhdalym u nadzvychainykh sytuatsiiakh [Theory and practice of emergency psychological assistance to victims in emergency situations]. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Natsionalnyi universytet tsyvilnoho zakhystu Ukrainy. Kharkiv [In Ukrainian].
17. Plisko, V.I. (2002). Formuvannia hotovnosti profesiionala do diialnosti za umov, nebezpechnykh dliaz hyttia: na materialakh subiekt-subiektnoi diialnosti [Formation of a professional’s readiness to work under life-threatening conditions: on the materials of subject-subject activity]. Naukovyi svit [In Ukrainian].
18. Gradus research company (2022). Psykhichne zdorovia ta stavlennia ukraintsiv do psykholohichnoi dopomohy pid chas viiny [Mental health and the attitude of Ukrainians to psychological help during the war] Retrieved from https://gradus.app/ documents/308/ Gradus_Research Mental_Health_Report_short_version.pdf [In Ukrainian].
19. Oliinykov, O.A., Onishchenko, N.V., Tymchenko, O.V., Tytarenko, D.S.,& Khrystynko, V.Ye. (2011). Osoblyvosti funktsionuvannia mekhanizmiv psykholohichnoho zakhystu u riatuvalnykiv v umovakh ekzystentsialnoi zahrozy [Features of functioning of mechanisms of psychological defence in rescuers in conditions of existential threat]. NUCZU [In Ukrainian].
20. Frankl, V. (2017). Liudyna v poshukakh spravzhnoho sensu. Psykholoh u kontstabori [Man’s search for meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust]. Klub simeinoho dozvillia [In Ukrainian].
21. Khraban, T.Ye. (2022). Preferentsia vykorystannya koping-strategii tsyvilnym naselennyam Ukrayiny u pershi pyatnadtsyat dniv z pochatku voyennogo konfliktu 2022 roku [Preference for the use of coping styles by the civilian population of Ukraine in the first fifteen days from the start of the military conflict in 2022]. Insight: the psychological dimensions of society, 7, 59–74. [In Ukrainian].
22. Chaban, O.S., & Khaustova, O.O. (Red.). (2021). Praktychna psykhosomatyka: Diahnostychni shkaly [Practical psychosomatics: Diagnostic scales]. Vydavnychyi dim Medknyha [in Ukrainian].
23. Chaban, O.S., Khaustova, O.O., & Omelianovych, V.Y. (2023). Psykhichni rozlady voiennoho chasu [Mental disorders of wartime]. Vydavnychyi dim Medknyha [in Ukrainian].
24. Braun-Lewensohn, O. (2012). Coping strategies as mediators of the relationship between chronic exposure to missile attacks and stress reactions. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 5(4), 315–326.
25. Compas, B.E., Connor-Smith, J.K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A.H., & Wadsworth, M.E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87–127.
26. Cramer, P. (2000). Defense mechanisms and coping strategies: What’s the difference? American Psychologist, 55(6), 638–646.
27. Endler, N.S., & Parker, J.D.A. (1994). Assessment of multidimensional coping: Task, emotion and avoidance strategies. Psychological Assessment, 6(1), 50–60.
28. Terelak, J.F. (2008). Człowiek i stres: koncepcje, źródła, reakcje, radzenie sobie, modyfikatory [Manandstress: Concepts, sources, reactions, coping, modifiers]. Branta.
29. Hahn, S.E. (2000). The effects of locus of control on daily exposure, coping and reactivity to work interpersonal stressors: A diary study. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 729–748.
30. Hobfoll, S.E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
31. Karamushka, L.M., Kredentser, O.V., Tereshchenko, K.V., Delton, Y., Arefniya, S.V., & Paskevska, I.A. (2022). Study of subjective well-being of different groups of population during the 2022 war in Ukraine. Wiadomości Lekarskie, 75(8, pt 1), 1854–1860.
32. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Springer Publishing Company.
33. Maddi, S.R. (2002). The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing, research, and practice. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 54(3), 173–185.
34. Miller, P.M., Ingham, J.G., & Davidson, S. (1976). Life events, symptoms and social support. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 20(6), 515–522.
35. Pargament, K.I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
36. Pearlin, L., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. The Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19(1), 2–21.
37. Rodrigue, J.R., Jackson, S.I., & Perri, M.G. (2000). Medical coping models questionnaire: Factor structure for adult transplant candidates. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7(2), 89–111.
38. Roesch, S.C., & Weiner, B. (2001). A meta-analytic review of coping with illness: Do causal attributions matter? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 50, 205–219.
39. Schaefer, C.A., & Gorsuch, R.L. (1993). Situational and personal variations in religious coping. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 32(2), 136–147.
40. Stein, J.Y., Levin, Y., Gelkopf, M. Tangir, G., & Solomon, Z. (2018). Traumatization or habituation? A four-wave investigation of exposure to continuous traumatic stress in Israel. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(S1), 137–153.
Опубліковано
2024-03-31
Як цитувати
Maksymchuk, M., & Gamalii, I. (2024). СПОСОБИ ПОДОЛАННЯ СТРЕСУ УКРАЇНЦЯМИ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ІНТЕНСИВНОСТІ ОБСТРІЛІВ. Київський журнал сучасної психології та психотерапії, 7, 38-56. https://doi.org/10.48020/mppj.2024.01.03
Розділ
Articles
Ця робота ліцензується відповідно до Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
