PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF RESILIENCE UNDER TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE: RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Keywords:
resilience; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); coping strategies; posttraumatic growth; tolerance for uncertainty; locus of control; psychological defense mechanisms; cognitive restructuring.
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the interrelations between resilience indicators (CD-RISC-10) and a range of psychological variables, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, coping strategies, posttraumatic growth, psychological defense mechanisms, level of subjective control, and tolerance for uncertainty. It has been established that cognitive restructuring, internal locus of control, mature defense mechanisms, and the ability to accept uncertainty act as key determinants of high resilience. The study demonstrates that primitive defenses, avoidant coping strategies, and pronounced PTSD symptoms decrease psychological stability and hinder effective adaptation. The integrative role of resilience has been substantiated, showing that it functions as a multidimensional construct combining cognitive, emotional, and behavioral resources that ensure successful recovery and restoration of psychological functioning after traumatic experiences.
References
1. Bondarenko, I. Yu., & Lytvyn, K. S. (2022). Psykholohichna stiikist yak chynnyk podolannia naslidkiv voiennoi travmy. Psykholohichnyi Chasopys, 8(3), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2022.8.3
2. Klymchuk, V. O., & Martyniuk, I. M. (2021). Rozvytok rezylientnosti u fakhivtsiv dopomahaiuchykh profesii v umovakh tryvaloho stresu. Psykholohiia i Suspilstvo, 3(85), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.35774/pis2021.03.045
3. Mushkevych, M. I. (2023). Tolerantnist do nevyznachenosti yak predyktor psykholohichnoi adaptatsii v umovakh viiny. Aktualni Problemy Psykholohii, 9(10), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.32405/2078-3566-2023-9-10
4. Savchuk, O. V. (2020). Kopinh-stratehii yak mekhanizmy psykholohichnoho zakhystu osobystosti v kryzovykh umovakh. Naukovi Studii iz Sotsialnoi ta Politychnoi Psykholohii, 45(48), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.33120/ssj.v45i48.151
5. Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20
6. Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. G. Calhoun & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 3–23). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Campbell-Sills, L., Forde, D. R., & Stein, M. B. (2009). Demographic and psychological predictors of resilience in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(12), 1007–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.013
8. Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007
9. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
10. Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2019). Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences—Therapist guide (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
11. Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039
12. Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.1
13. Leipold, B., & Greve, W. (2009). Resilience: A conceptual bridge between coping and development. European Psychologist, 14(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.1.40
14. Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
15. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02103658
16. Vaillant, G. E. (1992). Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers. American Psychiatric Press.
17. Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165–178.
2. Klymchuk, V. O., & Martyniuk, I. M. (2021). Rozvytok rezylientnosti u fakhivtsiv dopomahaiuchykh profesii v umovakh tryvaloho stresu. Psykholohiia i Suspilstvo, 3(85), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.35774/pis2021.03.045
3. Mushkevych, M. I. (2023). Tolerantnist do nevyznachenosti yak predyktor psykholohichnoi adaptatsii v umovakh viiny. Aktualni Problemy Psykholohii, 9(10), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.32405/2078-3566-2023-9-10
4. Savchuk, O. V. (2020). Kopinh-stratehii yak mekhanizmy psykholohichnoho zakhystu osobystosti v kryzovykh umovakh. Naukovi Studii iz Sotsialnoi ta Politychnoi Psykholohii, 45(48), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.33120/ssj.v45i48.151
5. Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20
6. Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. G. Calhoun & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 3–23). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Campbell-Sills, L., Forde, D. R., & Stein, M. B. (2009). Demographic and psychological predictors of resilience in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(12), 1007–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.013
8. Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007
9. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
10. Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2019). Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences—Therapist guide (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
11. Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039
12. Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.1
13. Leipold, B., & Greve, W. (2009). Resilience: A conceptual bridge between coping and development. European Psychologist, 14(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.1.40
14. Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
15. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02103658
16. Vaillant, G. E. (1992). Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers. American Psychiatric Press.
17. Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165–178.
Published
2025-11-30
How to Cite
HUDYR, D. (2025). PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF RESILIENCE UNDER TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE: RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE CORRELATION ANALYSIS. Kyiv Journal of Modern Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10, 45-53. https://doi.org/10.48020/mppj.2025.02.04
Section
Articles
