КЛІНІКО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ПРЕДИКТИ СУЇЦИДАЛЬНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ОСІБ ДОРОСЛОГО ВІКУ
Abstract
Abstract. The article raises the issue of suicides and the risks of suicidal behavior, the personal characteristics of people who have had a "suicidal experience", the features of their socio-psychological adaptation and clinical predictors. WHO experts believe that according to statistics, only one in four cases of suicide attempts comes to the attention of specialists from various areas of the health care system. About one million people die from suicide every year, which is an average mortality rate of 16 per 100,000 people and approximately 20 times higher than the number of completed suicides. In Ukraine, about 100-150 suicides occur annually among 8-9 thousand of the population. In connection with the above, an important question arises, which both modern theories and practicing specialists are trying to solve: what predictors or factors determine the transition from suicidal thoughts to a suicidal attempt. It is known that suicide is a consequence of the socio-psychological maladaptation of the individual in the conditions of the experienced microsocial conflict and these conflicts can be associated with a variety of reasons. When a person's place in the social structure ceases to correspond to the level of his/her aspirations, maladaptation, socialization disorders and a feeling of lack of prospects may occur. That is why one of the tasks of modern models in the study of suicidal behavior is to assess suicide as a result of the interaction of various groups of factors. Specialists take into account the dynamic factor and try to build a trajectory of suicidal behavior. Suicide, as a rule, ispreceded by behavior that is not typical for the individual before: closedness, unsociability, avoidance of contacts with others, increased capriciousness, egocentric focus on his/her suffering. If a person has attempted suicide, the risk of a second attempt increases in the first 1 - 2 months.
In recent years, the concept of “diathesis-stress” has gained the greatest recognition in suicidology, according to which suicidal behavior develops as a result of the presence of a specific diathesis (propensity for suicidal behavior, or increased sensitivity to factors that lower the threshold for its development) and the influence of stressors (triggers) that accelerate the formation of such behavior.
The article analyzes the scientific literature on the problem of clinical and psychological predictors of suicidal behavior in adults. The personal characteristics of individuals at risk of suicidal behavior, the phenomenon of suicide, and the main approaches to the study of suicidal behavior in adults are considered
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