WAYS OF COPING WITH STRESS AMONG UKRAINIANS DEPENDING ON THE INTENSITY OF THE SHELLING
Keywords:
stress, coping, coping strategy, stress resistance, shelling
Abstract
The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research on the impact of the shelling intensivity on the choice of coping strategy and on the level of stress resistance of civilians. Based on the empirical research, it was proven that Ukrainians who are exposed to the shelling have a higher level of stress resistance than those living without shelling. It was stated that in a war situation, Ukrainians have a task-focused coping strategy. There is avoidance-focused coping on the second place, and on the third place there is emotion-focused coping. However, these strategies are more preferable for individuals who live in the settlements without shelling. In contrast, the socially distracting coping strategy is more frequently choosed by those individuals, who live in settlements uder shelling attacks. People living in places without shelling are more likely to use the «Engagement» strategy. At the same time, people from settlements uder shelling attacks are more inclined to choose «Control» and «Risk» strategies.
References
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36. Pearlin, L., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. The Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19(1), 2–21.
37. Rodrigue, J.R., Jackson, S.I., & Perri, M.G. (2000). Medical coping models questionnaire: Factor structure for adult transplant candidates. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7(2), 89–111.
38. Roesch, S.C., & Weiner, B. (2001). A meta-analytic review of coping with illness: Do causal attributions matter? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 50, 205–219.
39. Schaefer, C.A., & Gorsuch, R.L. (1993). Situational and personal variations in religious coping. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 32(2), 136–147.
40. Stein, J.Y., Levin, Y., Gelkopf, M. Tangir, G., & Solomon, Z. (2018). Traumatization or habituation? A four-wave investigation of exposure to continuous traumatic stress in Israel. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(S1), 137–153.
stability of a person and its diagnosis] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Dnipropetrovskyi natsionalnyi universytet. Dnipropetrovsk [In Ukrainian].
2. Borysova, Z.O., Dubrovina, O.V., & Dubrovina, E.A. (2022). Vplyv viiskovykh dii na psykholohichnyi stan ukraintsiv ta profilaktyka mozhlyvykh uskladnen [The impact of military actions on the psychological condition of Ukrainians and prevention of possible complications]. The 3 rd International scientific and practical conference «Eurasian scientific discussions». Barca Academy Publishing [In Ukrainian].
3. Bosniuk, V.F., Olefyr, V.O., & Perelyhyna, L.A. (2016). Intelektualno-emotsiinyi resurs kopinh-povedinky riatuvalnyka [Intellectual and emotional resource of coping behavior of a rescuer]. NUCDU, KP «Miskadrukarnia [In Ukrainian].
4. Voloshyn, P.V., Shestopalova, L.F., & Pidkorytov, V.S. (2000). Medyko- psykholohichni aspekty ekstremalnykh podii ta problema posttravmatychnykh stresovykh rozladiv [Medical and psychological aspects of extreme events and the problem of post-traumatic stress disorders]. Mizhnarodnyi medychnyi zhurnal, 3, 31– 34 [In Ukrainian].
5. Havrylets, I.H. (2006). Psykhofiziolohiial iudyny v ekstremalnykhs ytuatsiiakh [Human psychophysiology in extreme situations]. ZAT «Vipol» [In Ukrainian].
6. Hotsuliak, N.Ye. (2015). Psykholohichna travma: analiz ta shliakhy yii podolannia [Psychological trauma: analysis and ways to overcome it]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Natsionalnoi akademii Derzhavnoi prykordonnoi sluzhby Ukrainy. Seriia: Pedahohichni ta psykholohichni nauky, 1, 378–390 [In Ukrainian].
7. Hrabovska, S., & Yesyp, M. (2010). Problema kopinhu v suchasnykh psykholohichnykh doslidzhenniakh [A copings’ problem in the present psychological studies]. Sotsiohumanitarni problemy liudyny, 4, 188–199 [In Ukrainian].
8. Hruzynska, I.M. (2022). Problema emotsiinoho reahuvannia na stresovi sytuatsii v umovakh voiennoho stanu [The problem of emotional response to stressful situations in the conditions of martial law]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho aviatsiinoho universytetu. Seriia: Pedahohika. Psykholohiia, 2(21), 97–107 [In Ukrainian].
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10. Karamushka, L.M., Kredentser, O.V., Tereshchenko, K.V., Lahodzinska, V.I., Ivkin, V.M., & Kovalchuk, O.S. (2023). Metodyky doslidzhennia psykhichnoho zdorovia ta blahopoluchchia personalu orhanizatsii [Research methods of mental health and well-being of the personnel of organizations]. (Karamushka, L.M., Red.). Instytut psykholohii imeni H.S. Kostiuka NAPN Ukrainy [In Ukrainian].
11. Nazarov, O.O., Onishchenko, N.V., Sadkovyi, V.P., Sadkovyi, O.V., Sklen, O.I., & Timchenko, O.V. (2008). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti bazovykh kopinh-stratehii ta osobystisnykh kopinh-resursiv pratsivnykiv pozhezhno-riatuvalnykh pidrozdiliv MNS Ukrainy [Psychological features of basic coping strategies and personal coping resources of employees of fire and rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine]. UCDU [In Ukrainian].
12. Lysenko, K.S., & Chuieshkova, O.V. (2016). Henderni osoblyvosti stresostiikosti ta piznavalnykh protsesiv do ta pislia stresovoi sytuatsii [Gender characteristics of stress resistance and cognitive processes before and after a stressful situation].
13. Nauhol’nyk, L.B. (2015). Psykholohiia stresu [Psychology of stress]. Lvivskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav [In Ukrainian].
14. Makarova, O. (2021). Stresostiikist pratsivnykiv politsii v zalezhnosti vid typu temperamentu [Stress resistance of police officers depending on the type of temperament]. Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science, 55, 65–69 [In Ukrainian].
15. Onishchenko, N.V., & Timchenko, O.V. (2022). Osoblyvosti vykorystannia psykholohichnykh zakhysnykh mekhanizmiv ta kopinh-stratehii tsyvilnym naselenniam, postrazhdalym vid nadzvychainoi sytuatsii voiennoho kharakteru [Peculiarities of the use of psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies by the civilian population affected by an emergency situation of a military nature]. Psykholohichnyi zhurnal, 8, 82–92 [In Ukrainian].
16. Onishchenko, N.V. (2015). Teoriia i praktyka ekstrenoi psykholohichnoi dopomohy postrazhdalym u nadzvychainykh sytuatsiiakh [Theory and practice of emergency psychological assistance to victims in emergency situations]. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Natsionalnyi universytet tsyvilnoho zakhystu Ukrainy. Kharkiv [In Ukrainian].
17. Plisko, V.I. (2002). Formuvannia hotovnosti profesiionala do diialnosti za umov, nebezpechnykh dliaz hyttia: na materialakh subiekt-subiektnoi diialnosti [Formation of a professional’s readiness to work under life-threatening conditions: on the materials of subject-subject activity]. Naukovyi svit [In Ukrainian].
18. Gradus research company (2022). Psykhichne zdorovia ta stavlennia ukraintsiv do psykholohichnoi dopomohy pid chas viiny [Mental health and the attitude of Ukrainians to psychological help during the war] Retrieved from https://gradus.app/ documents/308/ Gradus_Research Mental_Health_Report_short_version.pdf [In Ukrainian].
19. Oliinykov, O.A., Onishchenko, N.V., Tymchenko, O.V., Tytarenko, D.S.,& Khrystynko, V.Ye. (2011). Osoblyvosti funktsionuvannia mekhanizmiv psykholohichnoho zakhystu u riatuvalnykiv v umovakh ekzystentsialnoi zahrozy [Features of functioning of mechanisms of psychological defence in rescuers in conditions of existential threat]. NUCZU [In Ukrainian].
20. Frankl, V. (2017). Liudyna v poshukakh spravzhnoho sensu. Psykholoh u kontstabori [Man’s search for meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust]. Klub simeinoho dozvillia [In Ukrainian].
21. Khraban, T.Ye. (2022). Preferentsia vykorystannya koping-strategii tsyvilnym naselennyam Ukrayiny u pershi pyatnadtsyat dniv z pochatku voyennogo konfliktu 2022 roku [Preference for the use of coping styles by the civilian population of Ukraine in the first fifteen days from the start of the military conflict in 2022]. Insight: the psychological dimensions of society, 7, 59–74. [In Ukrainian].
22. Chaban, O.S., & Khaustova, O.O. (Red.). (2021). Praktychna psykhosomatyka: Diahnostychni shkaly [Practical psychosomatics: Diagnostic scales]. Vydavnychyi dim Medknyha [in Ukrainian].
23. Chaban, O.S., Khaustova, O.O., & Omelianovych, V.Y. (2023). Psykhichni rozlady voiennoho chasu [Mental disorders of wartime]. Vydavnychyi dim Medknyha [in Ukrainian].
24. Braun-Lewensohn, O. (2012). Coping strategies as mediators of the relationship between chronic exposure to missile attacks and stress reactions. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 5(4), 315–326.
25. Compas, B.E., Connor-Smith, J.K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A.H., & Wadsworth, M.E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87–127.
26. Cramer, P. (2000). Defense mechanisms and coping strategies: What’s the difference? American Psychologist, 55(6), 638–646.
27. Endler, N.S., & Parker, J.D.A. (1994). Assessment of multidimensional coping: Task, emotion and avoidance strategies. Psychological Assessment, 6(1), 50–60.
28. Terelak, J.F. (2008). Człowiek i stres: koncepcje, źródła, reakcje, radzenie sobie, modyfikatory [Manandstress: Concepts, sources, reactions, coping, modifiers]. Branta.
29. Hahn, S.E. (2000). The effects of locus of control on daily exposure, coping and reactivity to work interpersonal stressors: A diary study. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 729–748.
30. Hobfoll, S.E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
31. Karamushka, L.M., Kredentser, O.V., Tereshchenko, K.V., Delton, Y., Arefniya, S.V., & Paskevska, I.A. (2022). Study of subjective well-being of different groups of population during the 2022 war in Ukraine. Wiadomości Lekarskie, 75(8, pt 1), 1854–1860.
32. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Springer Publishing Company.
33. Maddi, S.R. (2002). The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing, research, and practice. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 54(3), 173–185.
34. Miller, P.M., Ingham, J.G., & Davidson, S. (1976). Life events, symptoms and social support. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 20(6), 515–522.
35. Pargament, K.I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
36. Pearlin, L., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. The Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19(1), 2–21.
37. Rodrigue, J.R., Jackson, S.I., & Perri, M.G. (2000). Medical coping models questionnaire: Factor structure for adult transplant candidates. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7(2), 89–111.
38. Roesch, S.C., & Weiner, B. (2001). A meta-analytic review of coping with illness: Do causal attributions matter? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 50, 205–219.
39. Schaefer, C.A., & Gorsuch, R.L. (1993). Situational and personal variations in religious coping. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 32(2), 136–147.
40. Stein, J.Y., Levin, Y., Gelkopf, M. Tangir, G., & Solomon, Z. (2018). Traumatization or habituation? A four-wave investigation of exposure to continuous traumatic stress in Israel. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(S1), 137–153.
Published
2024-03-31
How to Cite
Maksymchuk, M., & Gamalii, I. (2024). WAYS OF COPING WITH STRESS AMONG UKRAINIANS DEPENDING ON THE INTENSITY OF THE SHELLING. Kyiv Journal of Modern Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 38-56. https://doi.org/10.48020/mppj.2024.01.03
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
